Calorimeter.



C. E. LUCKE.

momma. APPLICATION FILED IUNEZI, I908- RENE WED APR. 19, I9I 3- 1,136,884, Patented Apr 20,1915.

new and useful Im'rovements in Calorime-- Tb all whom it may mm 7 1 mm s TEs PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES E. ,LIIGKE, or NEW YORK, N. Y,

' a g GALORIMETER;

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 20, 1915,

' Applicaition indium 27,1905,Serial. No. 323,575. Renewed April 19, 1913, Serial No. 762,386.

Be it knownthat I, CiiannnsE. Lucien, a citizen of,v the United States, residing at New "Yorflcity, countyof New York, and- State of ew Yorkyhave invented certain "ters, fully, describe and represented in the following Specification and the accompanya ing drawings, forming a part of the same;

mmeasuring the heating power or value of combustibles, and especially of;combustible' his invention relatesto apparatus for gases, andtthe object of the invention is to provide a practical apparatus whereby continuous readings in terms of heat units may 1 be obtained and all necessity of calculation F avoided, the apparatus being comparatively inexpensive and of simple construction, and sufiicientlyl accurate in results for all practical purposes.

The apparatus is intended especially for I determining the heating value of gases, and

certain features of i the invention relate solely to the measuring of the heating value of gases. j

Certain road features of the invention,

however, may be applied in the determination. of the heating value of other combustiblesr The heating value of gas and other combustibles is usually measured by their capacityto efi'ecta certain rise in temperature of {a given amount of water, the British ther- --ma1 unit (B. TLU.) being the amount of heat necessary to raise one pound of water from to51 F., and the heating value of a. gasis usually expressed by the number of i heat units in one cubic foot thereof.

a Q In determining the heatin power of co1n- .bustibles, it has heretofore been the practice v to measure the rise in temperature of agiven weight of water by the heat evolved from water continuous paratus and the. ieatingqvalue of the gas the combustion of a given quantity of the combustible (a given volume in the case of :gas), and in theJun'kers calorimeter, an apparatus much used at the present time for measuring theheating'value of gases, the

heat-evolved by the, continuous combustion of the gas being tested is transmitted to flowing through the apa per cubic foot is obtained by measuring the weight of water flowing from the apparatus in a given time, the volume of gas con- :sumed within the same time and the temperatureiof the water before it enters the water, then heating" chamber and its temperature on leaving the heatin chamber, and then multiplying such'weig it of liquid by the differ- .ence in temperature between the in-fiowing and'out-flowing water and dividing the iroduct by the volume of gas consumed. bus .in determining the heating value of the gas in terms ot-British thermal units per cubic feet of gas (Q), W being the weight of Water heated in a given time, G

the volume of gas consumed in the same time, and T the temperature of; the inlet water and T, thetemperature of the. outlet in-e5 3,

justable reading or indicatingdevices, or by a suitable recording device. 1 determining the calorific power of the gas inthis manner it is not necessary to measuret-the quantity of water used or the quant'ty of gas consumed, it being only required to establish and maintain a certain known fixed relation between the quantity of water used and-the quantity of gas consumed in a unit of time, audit is not even necessary that the rate of flow of water and gas be constant, but only that the ratio of the quantity of water and quantity of gas be maintained constant. In order to maintain such constant ratio between the quantity of water and volume of gas, there is preferably provided means for supplying the water and gas under equal pressure, and measuring nozzles, one through which the gas will flow I and the other through which the water will flow. The relative amounts of water andbrated toprovide for the exact relative flow of water and gas desired. For supplying the water and gas under equal pressure there is preferably provided a'small reservoir to which the water and gas are supplied by an injector, the water in passing through theinjector acting to ca ry the gas in with it,

the gas then rising b the topof the reservoir and the water falling tothe bottom,

and excess water and gas being allowed to escape through a suitable overflow device. Water and gas may then be drawn from the reservoir under equal pressure and discharged through measuring nozzles to the heating device. For determining the tem: perature rise of the water, two thermometers are arranged, one in the path of the water passing to the heating chamber, and the other in the path of the water passing from the heating chamber with their stems close consumed.

' ber 11 and through which the flue pipes 13 A full understanding of the invention can best be given by a detailed description of a construction embodying the features of the invention in a preferred form, and such a description will nowbe given in connection with the accompanying drawing showing diagrammatically asimple form of apparatus.

In said drawing A, represents the heater which comprises a shell or casing 10 within which is arranged a vertical cylindrical open ended flue or combustion chamber 11 extending from the bottom of the casing 10 to a horizontal 'artition or flue plate 12 near the top of t e casing. From the plate 12 a series of pipes 13 extend downward about the central flue 11 to a second partition or flue plate 14 located near the bottom of the casing, such pipes forming draft flues connecting the space within the casing above "the flue plate 12-with the space below the flue plate 14. .The space between the walls of the casing 10 and the combustion chamextend, forms the water heating chamber or passage 15 into which water enters from an annular supply channel 16 located at the bottom of .the water chamber and to which the water is supplied by a' supply pipe 17. From the water chamber 15 the water passes into an annular outlet channel 18 located at the top of the water chamber, which outlet channel 18 communicates with a small open chamber 20 from which the water escapes through a discharge pi e 21. v i

The gas which is to e tested for" I lorific value is supplied to and burned wit in the pipes 13 to the space belowthe flue plate 14 from which space they escape through an outlet 22. .The water flowing through the chamber 15 will thus be heated by contact with the central combustion chamben and the pipes 13, and the parts will be so proportioned' according to the supply of gas and water that all the heat generated by the combustion of gas will be absorbed by the water in the chamber 15. This part of the apparatus may be of any known or suitable construction and will be suitably protected against radiation; of heat as will be understood.

The water and gas are supplied to the heater from an equal pressure chamber 30 into which the water and gas pass together from aninjeetor 31, designed to supply an excess of both water and gas above thequantity which can flow from the chamber through the measuring nozzles as hereinafter described, the water being supplied to the injector under some suitable pressure through awater supply pipe 32 and servin to draw in with it as it passes through the injector gas from the gas supply pipe 33, the. water and gas then passing together downwardthrough an inlet pipe 34 which opens into the lower portion of the chamber.

30 below the water level therein. The gas will then rise into the upper portion of the chamber and the water will collect in the lower portion, excess water escaping through a discharge pipe 35 from an open chamber 36 in communication with the chamber 30 below the water level, and ex cess gas also escaping through the water seal to the open chamber 36 from which'it' may escape orbe conducted as desired, the water seal being equivalent to a l loaded check or relief valve. By this means, though the quantity of water and gas entering the chamber 30 may yarv ucco'rding'to the pressure of the water in the supply pipe 32, yet the gas pressure and the waterlcv'el within the chamber will always be constant and the water will be under the pressure of the gas in the chamber. From the top of the chamber 30 a gas pipe 40 leads to a burner'opening located nearthe'bottom of the combustion chamber of the heater, the How of gas to the combustion chamber belng controlled and measured by means of a measuring nozzle 41, the orifice of which, as

shown, forms the burneropening. A water pipe 42 leads from the lower portion of the I lev ll inithe 1 q surei a avaterjflowing from the heater.

1 siialebQrsarranged in connection with the a as: 3091,40,, ,5 eharge water thermometer the u reservoir the flow of the water from the p1pe 42 bei g controlled and measured by a measuring jnozzle 44 which stands at or i ii l ig' litlybelow thewater level in the chama fi 'got give a water supply to the water 11 221944 *at a. pressure equal to that which the gas is supplied to the nozzle 41.

i i i ,From the reservoir 43 the water passes to 1o"thef cham ber 15. of the heater through the- P r r r ri e gas in the chamber icl is also the pressure on the water he pressure of the Y ip th ejchamber, is determined by the head 15 of vater in the open discharge chaniberBG above the opening between the chamber 36 i and ,the chamber 30. So long as water and gas; are entering the chamber 30 inexcess of the'air ount requiredto maintain the water 2o levelin the chamber and the gas pressure in i thechambeiyfthe Water level must stand with e'ry, slight variation at the level of the to f the? opening d36,excesswater escaping through the time a i a armba- 36 and discharge pipe 35, and excost gas esc'aping" also throu h the water seal formediby the water stain ing at a higher deyi'ce, a'sabove described, will thus also ctfiasja constant pressure devicesup plyi i gth waterend g to F measuring q l ander a predetermined constant pressurei i i i V a as; AI-thf'errhometerSO is arranged with its e5 bulbdn the; reservoir 43, and a second thermometer ol is arranged with its bulb inthe chamber 20, and heir stems are brought close; together and the thermometers are set 1 at. hesame h 'ght so that the difference in 1, theflifeightofthe column of mercury in the the ometer stems so that it may be moved toihr iggits Zero mark to position to coincide witl the top of the column of mercury i ui iht f l pply water thermometer. The scale i 1 0 it a rkedltoread in degrees of temperature tlius ivhei properly adjusted to the the column of mercury in the supply 66 thelratiouof the quantity of water used and quantity: of gas consumed, and as this ratio is fixc'd by having the water and gas sup v 1 plied under. constant and equal pressures to :i' tlie, measuring nozzles 44 and 41, therefore, i 5 the heating value'o'fthe gas will vary "with chamberhiland deliversinto a small open understood from between the chambers chamber 36. This equal pres A sliding thei'iiio neterjshow by reading to the the water tem erature rise and the scale maybe marks to read in heat units (as B. T. U.) per cubic feet of gas. By properly adjusting the sliding scale, therefore, and reading'to the number of B. T. U.s or other heat units per unit quantity of gas may be read off at once and all necessity of calculation avoid-, ed. The reading will thus be continuous and correct so long as the measuring nozzles are kept free and clean and the scale set to the supply water temperature. The nozzles are preferably made removable as showruso as to bereadily taken 01f and cleans or re placed by others. i i i The operation of the apparatus will be the foregoing description a and need not be further set out, It will be understood alsothat the invention is not toss be limited to the exact arrangement of parts as shown, but that changes and mOdlfiCflr,

tions tliereofwithin the claims may be made.

What is claimed is:-

1. A calorimeter for measuring the heat so ing value of ases comprising a heater for Water or ot ier liquid having awater chamber or passage and a combustion chamber or passage, means for causing a continuous-flow of water through the iv'aterxchamher or passage and a continuous flow of gas to the combustion chamber and 'formaintaining a continuously constant predetermined ratio between he quantity of water flowing through the water chamber or passage and the quantity of gas flowin tothe combustion chamber or passage, sai means comprising means providing a measuring orifice for the water and a measuring orifice for the gas and means for maintaining a continuously constant predeterminedratio between the pressures at which the waterand gas are supplied to their respective measuring orifices; and means for measurii'ig the rise in temperature of the water in passing through the water chamber or passage, substantially as described. i I

2. Acalorimeter for measuring the heating value of gases, comprising a heater for wateror other liquid having a water chamher or passage and a combustion chamber or passage; means for causing a continuous 5 flow of water through the water chamber 'or passageimd a continuous flow of gas to 1 the combustion chamber or passage and for maintaining a continuously constant predetermined ratio between the quantity of water flowing through the water chamber or assage and a quantity of gas flowing to the combustion chamber or passage, saii means comprising ineans providing a IllQilSllllllfI orifice for the water and a measuring orifice for :the gas and means for supplying the water, and gas to their respective measuring 3 orifices indereg a'l lpressu ps; means ico I the top of the column of 70 mercury in the discharge water thermometer for measuring the rise in temperature of the water in passing through the water chamber or passage, substantially as described.

3. A calorimeter for measuring theheating value of gases comprising a heater for water or other liquid having a water chamber or passage and a combustion chamber or I passage; means for causing a continuous flow of water through the water chamber or passage and a continuous flow of gas to the, i combustion chamber and for maintaining a continuously constant predetermined ratio between the quantity of water flowing through the water chamber or passage and the quantity of gas flowing to the combustion chamber or passage, said means comprising means providing a measuring orifice for the water and a measuring orifice for the gas and means for maintaining a continuously constant predetermined ratio between the pressures at which. the water and gas are supplied to their respective measuring orifices; and indicating means controlled by the rise in temperature of the water in passous flow of water through the water chamher or passage and a continuous flow of gas to the combustion chamber or passage and for maintaining a cprltinuously constant pre determined ratio between the quantity of water flowing through the water chamber or passage and the quantity of gas flowing to the combustion chamber or passage, said means comprising means providing a measuring orifice for the water and a measuring orifice for the gas and means for supplying the water and gas to their respective measuring orifices under equal pressures; and indicating means controlled by,{the rise in tem-' perature of the water in passing through the water chamber or passage and having a scale reading to heat units. j

5. A calorimeter for measuring the heating value of gases comprising a heater for water or other-liquid havinga water chamher or passage and a combustion chamber or passage; means for causing zi continuous flow of water through the 'wati chamber or passage and a continuous flow of gas to the combustion chamber and for maintaining a continuously constant predetermined ratio between the quantity of water flowing through the water chamber or passage and the quantity of gas flowing to the combustion chamber or passage, said means comprising means providing a measuring orifice for the water and a measuring orifice for the gasand means for maintaining a continu" ously constant predetermined ratio between the pressures at which the water and gas are supplied totheir respective measuring orifices; and indicating means controlled by the rise in temperature of the water in passing through thewater chamber or passage, such indicating means having a sliding scale which may be adjusted according to the temperature of the water. fed to the heater, substantially as described.

I 6. A calorimeter for measuring the heatmg' value of gases comprising a heater for water or other liquid having a water chamher or passage and a combustion chamber or passage; means for causing a continuous flow of water throughthe water chamber or passage and a continuous flow of gas to the combustion chamber and for maintain a continuously constant predetermined ratio between the quantity of water flowmg through the water chamber or passage and the quantity of gas flowing to tei's having their stems arranged relatively of the liquid'therein will correspond to the difference in temperature of the inflowing and outflowing water, and a sliding scale reading to heat units, substantially as described.

7. A calorimeter for measuring the heating value of gases, comprising aheater for water or other liquid having a water chamher or passage'and a combustion chamber or passage; means for causing a continuous flow ofwater through the water chamber or passage and a continuous flow of gas to the combustion chamber or passage and for maintaining a continuously constant predetermined ratio between the quantity of water flowing through the water chamber or passage and the quantity ofgas flowing to the combustion chamber or passage, said means comprising means providing a measuring orifice for the water and a measuring orifice for the and means for supplying the water and gas to their respective measuring orifices under constant and equal pressures; and means for measuring the rise in temperature of the water in passing through the water chamber or passage, substantially as described.

to each other so'that the difference in height associated with the thermometer stems and the combustion chamber or passage,

passage; meansfor causing a continuous flow of Water through the water chamber passage uhd a continuousflow of gas to the combustion chamber or passage and for maintaining a continuously constant predetermined ratio betwee water flowing through the water chamber or passage ancih the quantity of gas flowing to said means comprising means providing a measuring orifice for-the water and a measuring n the quantity of through the water chamber or passage, sub-' stantially as described.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set v my hand, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

CHARLES E. LUCKE.

Witnesses:

J. A. GnAvEs, A. L. KENT. 

